Why is man still tested despite divine knowledge?

One of the most profound and intricate questions in divine philosophy and Islamic beliefs concerns the testing and trial of humanity despite God Almighty's infinite knowledge. This question might arise in many minds: if God has always known everything, apparent and hidden, from eternity to eternity, and knows all that will transpire, then what is the purpose of testing humans? Do these tests serve to gain new knowledge for God? The answer to this question not only clarifies ambiguities but also reveals new dimensions of divine wisdom, mercy, and justice. Firstly, it must be clarified that the testing of humans by God never implies that God gains new knowledge. Divine knowledge is inherent, eternal, and absolute; nothing is hidden from it. God does not need experience or trials to know who is righteous and who is wicked. These tests are, in reality, for human beings themselves and for the manifestation of their true essence and choices. In other words, the purpose of the test is not for God to 'discover knowledge' but for the 'discovery and manifestation' of human deeds and intentions for themselves and for recording in their book of deeds. One of the most significant reasons for testing humanity is the 'manifestation and emergence of faith and disbelief.' The Holy Quran repeatedly emphasizes that trials are for distinguishing the truthful from the liars, and true believers from hypocrites. Almighty God states in Surah Al-Ankabut, verses 2 and 3: "Do people think that they will be left to say, 'We believe' and they will not be tried? But We have certainly tried those before them, and Allah will surely make evident those who are truthful, and He will surely make evident the liars." These verses clearly indicate that testing is not only a divine tradition but also a tool to ascertain sincerity in the claim of faith. Faith is not merely by words; it is demonstrated through actions and steadfastness in the face of challenges and temptations. Another reason is the 'spiritual growth and development of humans.' The worldly life is an arena for perfection and progress. Trials, like a melting furnace, remove impurities from the human being and guide them towards purity and sincerity. Just as gold is refined in fire to become pure, the human soul is polished in the crucible of tribulation. In facing difficulties, humans learn patience, gratitude, reliance on God, supplication, and the power of steadfastness. These experiences not only strengthen them but also elevate their spiritual ranks in the sight of God. God says in Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 155: "And We will surely test you with something of fear and hunger and a loss of wealth and lives and fruits, but give good tidings to the patient." This verse shows that trials are an integral part of life's journey, with the purpose of educating and nurturing humanity. Furthermore, tests provide 'an opportunity for the manifestation of human will and choice.' God created humans with free will and the freedom to choose. If everything were predetermined and humans proceeded towards their destiny without any challenges or choices, the concept of accountability and reckoning would be meaningless. Tests provide a suitable environment for humans to choose between faith or disbelief, obedience or disobedience, patience or impatience at life's crossroads. These choices shape the true nature of each individual and determine their eligibility for reward or punishment in the Hereafter. 'Determining status and ranks' is also among the wisdoms of testing. The ranks of humans in Paradise and Hell are determined based on their deeds and choices in this world. If everyone were treated equally without trials, divine justice would be questioned. Tests serve as a fair criterion for evaluating human performance and placing each person in their rightful position. Individuals who show patience in trials, defend their faith, and adhere to divine commands attain higher status with God. Finally, it must be said that worldly life itself is essentially a grand test. The purpose of human creation, as stated in Surah Al-Mulk, verse 2: "He who created death and life to test you [as to] which of you is best in deed." This verse explicitly states that the purpose of creation and granting life to humans is to test them. Every moment of life, every blessing bestowed upon us, and every calamity we face, is part of this grand divine test. Thus, despite God's absolute knowledge, humans are tested so that their true nature and choices become manifest in action, their ranks are elevated, and the path to perfection and happiness is paved for them. These tests are not for God's knowledge, but for our self-building and reaching the true purpose of our existence. For this reason, a correct understanding of the philosophy of testing not only prevents despair and hopelessness when facing difficulties but also encourages gratitude for blessings and patience in the face of calamities. Every test is an opportunity to demonstrate servitude and reliance on the Eternal Divine Being, and a way to draw closer to perfection and the Lord's satisfaction. Therefore, a true believer sees trials as a gift from God that pushes them towards growth and prosperity, ultimately leading to eternal happiness.