How is Livelihood (Rizq) discussed in the Quran?

In the life-giving teachings of the Holy Quran, the topic of 'Rizq' (livelihood or sustenance) is one of the fundamental axes that has been extensively discussed and its various dimensions elucidated. The Quran, as the creator and administrator of existence, introduces Allah Almighty as the sole, absolute, and self-sufficient Provider who is responsible for the sustenance of all beings, from the smallest creature to the largest creation. This concept extends not only to material aspects and physical needs but also to the spiritual, intellectual, and even emotional dimensions of human life. Rizq in the Quran is not merely confined to food, water, and clothing; it also encompasses health, security, peace, knowledge, guidance, righteous offspring, and even inner inspirations. This comprehensive view of Rizq teaches humanity to always anticipate divine openings and to know that the primary source of all goodness and blessings is the infinite essence of the Almighty. These teachings lay a foundation for inner peace and reliance on God in all stages of life. Numerous verses in the Holy Quran explicitly point to the truth that the sustenance of every creature is in the hands of Allah, and no one other than Him is capable of granting or withholding sustenance. For instance, in Surah Hud, verse 6, we read: “And there is no creature on earth but that upon Allah is its provision…” This verse presents a vast picture of Divine power and administration in the system of creation and assures humanity that beyond all human efforts and planning, it is the hand of the Almighty that determines and provides sustenance. This divine providence extends to all beings; not only humans but all living creatures and even plants benefit from His table of blessings. Even in the direst circumstances and most despairing situations, the divine promise of Rizq shines like a beacon, illuminating the path for believers. 2. The Quran also emphasizes that Rizq is decreed and predetermined, but this predestination does not negate effort and striving. In fact, Quranic verses repeatedly invite humanity to strive diligently and earnestly for lawful sustenance. Human effort is, in reality, a means through which Allah delivers His decreed sustenance to His servant. This balance between reliance on God (Tawakkul) and practical effort is one of the key points in Quranic culture. A believing person knows that the ultimate outcome and the essence of sustenance are in God's hands, but it is their duty to utilize legitimate means and methods to acquire it. This perspective leads neither to laziness and idleness nor to excessive greed. Instead, it guides the individual towards moderation in seeking worldly provisions and frees them from the bondage of worldly possessions. Economic activities and striving for a better livelihood, within the framework of what is lawful and adhering to divine limits, are not only not blameworthy but are encouraged and emphasized by the Quran. Furthermore, the Quran refers to the differences in sustenance among people and considers these differences a part of Divine wisdom. In Surah An-Nahl, verse 71, it states: “And Allah has favored some of you over others in provision…” These differences are not only a test for the wealthy to see how they utilize Divine blessings and fulfill the rights of the poor, but also an examination for the needy in patience and gratitude. These variations pave the way for social interactions, cooperation, and mutual assistance, contributing to the dynamism of society. Allah Almighty expands or restricts provision according to His wisdom, not merely based on merit or worthiness. Sometimes, for a trial, He may grant abundant provision to a servant, and sometimes, for a test, He may restrict it, to gauge their reaction to this divine decree and reveal the extent of their faith and reliance. These differences also imply that the rich and the poor both play significant roles in the social system of Islam, and each has specific duties. One of the significant aspects of Rizq in the Quran is the concept of 'Tawakkul' or reliance upon Allah. True Tawakkul does not mean abandoning effort but rather entrusting the outcome to God after exerting the utmost effort. Surah At-Talaq, verse 3, states: “And whoever relies upon Allah – then He is sufficient for him. Indeed, Allah will accomplish His purpose. Allah has already set for everything a [decreed] extent.” This verse brings a calm heart and an assured soul, freeing humanity from unnecessary worries about the future and livelihood. Tawakkul is a strength of heart that aids a person in facing difficulties and adversities, liberating them from excessive material dependencies. This reliance keeps the hope in divine grace and mercy alive in hearts and prevents despair and hopelessness. 3. The Quran also addresses the human responsibility towards the provision bestowed upon them. Gratitude and spending (Infaq) are among the most important of these duties. In numerous verses, Allah emphasizes spending and charity from what He has provided to His servants. Infaq not only increases the blessing in sustenance but also purifies the soul and elevates society. Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 267, states: “O you who have believed, spend from the good things which you have earned…” This spending includes not only wealth and possessions but can also extend to knowledge, abilities, time, and even kindness and a smile. In reality, every blessing that Allah grants to a person is a provision that must be used correctly, and a portion of it should be spent to meet the needs of others. This cycle of goodness and blessing ensures the health and balance of society and ultimately leads to individual and social growth. In summary, in the Holy Quran, Rizq is introduced not merely as a material need but as a comprehensive and multifaceted concept rooted in the Lordship and Providing attribute of Allah. This concept teaches humanity lessons of reliance, effort, gratitude, contentment, and spending, guiding them towards a balanced and God-pleasing life. The Quran emphasizes that sustenance belongs solely to Allah, and He grants it to whomever He wills and to whatever extent His wisdom dictates. This sustenance is sometimes material and sometimes spiritual, and all of it is a test for humanity and a means to achieve perfection and closeness to God.