What does the Quran say about technology and its impact on human relationships?

The Holy Quran, revealed over fourteen centuries ago, does not explicitly mention modern phenomena such as the internet, smartphones, or artificial intelligence. However, its timeless wisdom and universal principles offer profound and practical guidance for understanding and navigating the complexities of technology and its extensive impact on human relationships. Quranic teachings are not prescriptive about specific devices but rather provide a foundational ethical framework and a spiritual compass for human conduct, responsibility, and the utilization of all blessings and capabilities bestowed upon humanity by Allah. At its core, the Quran views human intellect and the capacity for innovation as a divine gift. Almighty God has granted humans the ability and free will to explore, understand, and harness the natural world. Numerous verses repeatedly encourage contemplation of the universe, the pursuit of knowledge, and the recognition of the signs of God's power (Ayatullah). Technology, in essence, is a product of this divinely inspired human curiosity and ingenuity; a tool born from the pursuit of understanding and mastery over the physical world. Therefore, technology itself is not inherently good or evil; its moral value is determined by the intentions behind its creation and, more importantly, its application. When used for beneficial purposes—such as facilitating communication, disseminating knowledge, alleviating suffering, or establishing justice—technology can be a manifestation of gratitude for God's blessings and a means to serve humanity. For instance, using technology to organize charitable drives or to provide educational resources to underserved communities perfectly aligns with these principles. However, the Quran also consistently lays down strict ethical guidelines for all human endeavors, emphasizing balance (Mizan), moderation, justice, and the avoidance of excess or corruption (fasad). It warns against arrogance, heedlessness, and the pursuit of worldly gain at the expense of spiritual well-being or moral integrity. When these principles are applied to technology, their importance becomes paramount. If technology leads to arrogance, distracts from one's spiritual purpose, or encourages unjust practices, then it deviates from the Quranic ideal. For example, if the pursuit of technological advancement leads to exploitation of natural resources or disregard for human dignity, it contradicts the Quranic call for justice and stewardship. The impact of technology on human relationships is where Quranic principles become particularly insightful. The Quran places immense value on strong, healthy human connections. It champions family ties (silat al-rahim), community cohesion (Ummah), mutual respect, truthfulness, and compassion. It strongly condemns backbiting, suspicion, spying, and spreading falsehoods—behaviors that unfortunately can be amplified and exacerbated by modern digital platforms. The Quran explicitly warns against these moral failings, which find fertile ground in the anonymity and speed of online interactions. On the positive side, technology offers unprecedented opportunities to strengthen relationships and foster positive interactions. It can bridge geographical distances, allowing families and friends to stay connected across continents, bringing solace and reducing the pain of separation. It can facilitate the sharing of knowledge, promote charitable initiatives, and mobilize communities for good causes, turning virtual interactions into real-world benefits. Social media, for instance, can be a powerful tool for maintaining contact with loved ones, organizing community events, or even offering support to those in need who might otherwise be isolated. Messaging apps can keep families in touch daily, and video calls can provide a sense of presence that was once impossible, making far-off relatives feel closer. From a Quranic perspective, if technology enables us to uphold the ties of kinship, facilitate good deeds (birr), or convey beneficial knowledge, then it is being utilized in a way that aligns with divine guidance, fostering connection and mutual benefit. Yet, the potential negative impacts are equally profound and require vigilance. The Quran's emphasis on presence, mindfulness, and genuine interaction serves as a vital counterbalance to the isolating tendencies of excessive technology use. Over-reliance on digital communication can lead to a deterioration of face-to-face interaction, fostering superficial relationships devoid of true depth, empathy, and genuine human connection. The constant need for digital validation, the comparison culture prevalent on social media, and the rapid spread of misinformation or hateful rhetoric can erode trust and create divisions within communities, undermining the very fabric of social cohesion. The Quran warns against heedlessness (ghaflah) and distraction, urging believers to remain aware of their purpose and responsibilities. Technology, with its constant notifications and endless streams of content, can easily lead to distraction from prayer, family time, work, or even self-reflection, diverting attention from matters of greater importance. Furthermore, the Quran explicitly prohibits spying, gossip, and slander (ghiba and namimah). Digital platforms, unfortunately, provide fertile ground for these vices, where anonymity can embolden individuals to engage in harmful behaviors without immediate accountability, spreading negativity and destroying reputations. The verses concerning respecting privacy and avoiding unnecessary suspicion become even more critical in an age of pervasive digital surveillance and information sharing, highlighting the need for digital etiquette rooted in Islamic ethics. Moreover, the Quran emphasizes justice (adl) and the rights of others. This principle extends comprehensively to the digital realm. Cyberbullying, online harassment, intellectual property theft, and the exploitation of personal data are all forms of injustice that are directly contrary to Islamic teachings. Users of technology are held accountable for their online conduct, just as they are for their offline actions, underscoring the importance of ethical behavior in all spheres. The principle of enjoining good and forbidding evil (amr bil ma'ruf wa nahy anil munkar) applies directly to the digital sphere, encouraging individuals to promote positive content, defend the truth, and actively challenge harmful narratives and morally reprehensible actions. In conclusion, the Quran offers a timeless ethical framework for navigating the modern technological landscape. It encourages the responsible and purposeful use of technology as a tool for progress, knowledge, and connection, provided it aligns with divine principles and contributes to the well-being of humanity. However, it also serves as a critical reminder to prioritize genuine human relationships, spiritual well-being, and moral integrity over mere digital convenience or fleeting virtual engagement. The key lies in maintaining balance (mizan), fostering real connections, exercising self-control, and using technology as a means to achieve noble ends, rather than allowing it to become an end in itself or a source of corruption and discord. Ultimately, how technology impacts human relationships is not predetermined by the technology itself, but by the conscious choices and ethical commitments of the individuals who wield it, guided by the profound wisdom of the Quran.