Why Do Some Good People Suffer From Calamities?

The question of why good people suffer from calamities is one of the most profound and fundamental inquiries that have occupied the human mind throughout history. This question is not merely philosophical; it has deep roots in theology and our understanding of divine justice and God's wisdom. The Holy Quran addresses this issue with a comprehensive and profound insight, clarifying its various dimensions. Understanding these afflictions from a Quranic perspective not only brings us peace but also transforms our outlook on life and suffering. The first and most important point the Quran makes about calamities and hardships is the concept of "Ibtila" or divine test. Allah (SWT) repeatedly states in the Quran that the worldly life is a realm of trial and examination. This world is a transient abode, and we are subjected to various tests to assess our faith, reveal our weaknesses, and manifest our capacities for growth and elevation. In Surah Al-Ankabut (29:2), Allah says: "Do people think that they will be left alone because they say, 'We believe,' and will not be tested?" This verse clearly indicates that faith is not merely a verbal claim; it must be refined in the crucible of events and hardships. Calamities are tools for purifying and elevating believers. For the righteous, suffering can be understood in several ways: 1. Test and Elevation of Ranks: For righteous and believing servants, calamities are often not for punishment but for the elevation of their ranks and greater rewards in the Hereafter. Allah desires to test their patience, gratitude, reliance on Him, and contentment with His decree. Prophets of Allah, who were the most perfect of human beings, endured the most severe hardships. Prophet Ayyub (Job), despite his exemplary goodness and patience, was afflicted with the most severe diseases and the loss of his wealth and children. Yet, his patience led him to the peak of spiritual realization and closeness to God, and he received a great reward. This demonstrates that for true believers, calamity is a path to perfection, not merely a punishment. Surah Al-Baqarah (2:155) states: "And We will surely test you with something of fear and hunger and a loss of wealth and lives and fruits, but give good tidings to the patient." This verse explicitly shows that trials are an integral part of life, and the reward is for those who are patient. 2. Expiation of Sins: Even good people might have minor sins or shortcomings of which they are unaware. Calamities and hardships can serve as a means of purification from these sins and an expiation for them. A prophetic narration (Hadith) states: "No fatigue, nor disease, nor sorrow, nor sadness, nor hurt, nor distress befalls a Muslim, even if it were the prick of a thorn, but Allah expiates some of his sins by it." This indicates that through calamities, even for the righteous, Allah provides an opportunity for purification and preparation for a better life in the Hereafter. 3. Reminder and Turning to God: Sometimes, a person, even if righteous, can become engrossed in worldly comfort and forget Allah. Calamities can serve as a wake-up call to return to their Lord, to supplicate, and to realize the depth of their servitude. This return and repentance, even from a righteous individual, elevates them to a higher status. 4. Manifestation of Divine Wisdom and Power: Some calamities may occur for reasons beyond limited human comprehension. Allah is the All-Wise, and all His actions are based on hidden wisdoms that we may not be able to fully grasp. Sometimes, a calamity for a righteous person is not only a test for them but can also be a lesson for others, or it might lead to a greater good in the future that is initially unseen. In Surah Al-Kahf, the story of Prophet Musa (Moses) and Al-Khidr (18:60-82) is a prime example of these hidden wisdoms; Al-Khidr performs actions that appear evil or irrational on the surface (damaging a boat, killing a boy), but it is ultimately revealed that each action had a profound underlying wisdom. 5. Difference in the Criterion of "Goodness": Another important point is that Allah's criterion for "goodness" might differ from human perception. A person might appear outwardly righteous, but inwardly possess hidden flaws or arrogance that only manifest and are rectified through affliction and humility. Also, sometimes good deeds remain only at the superficial level, lacking the spirit of complete servitude and reliance on Allah. Calamity can perfect these aspects. Ultimately, the Holy Quran teaches us that this world is a place of trial, not the ultimate reward. The complete reward and precise accountability for deeds will be in the Hereafter. Those who, despite their good deeds, suffer calamities in this world, if they embrace patience and trust in Allah, will receive immense and boundless rewards. Allah never wrongs anyone, and His justice is absolute. Surah Al-Imran (3:185) states: "Every soul will taste death, and you will only be given your full compensation on the Day of Resurrection. So whoever is drawn away from the Fire and admitted to Paradise has succeeded. And what is the life of this world except the enjoyment of delusion." This verse clearly indicates that the final reckoning and full recompense are on the Day of Resurrection, and worldly life, with all its hardships and comforts, is merely a passage. Therefore, calamities for the righteous are opportunities for growth, purification, and elevation to higher ranks in the sight of Allah Almighty. They are never a sign of injustice but rather the very essence of divine wisdom and mercy. This perspective helps individuals not to despair in the face of hardships but to continue their path of servitude with reliance and patience, awaiting eternal rewards.